This page is to give you the general information on step-by-step procedure of puirchasing property in the UK. 

Property in the United Kingdom is either freehold where you own both the property and the land it stands on or leasehold. For residential property leaseholds usually apply to flats. This means that the landlord owns the ground on which the property stands and the owner pays "ground rent". This is usually a nominal sum of between GBP50-200 per year. This is not a market price but simply a reflection of the fact that the property is standing on someone else`s land. In more recent times the freehold (the ownership of the land) has often been transferred to management companies in which people with leaseholds have a share of the freehold (often described in agent`s particulars as "share of freehold"). These management companies will manage the estate, maintain the communal parts (staircases, lifts, gardens etc) and in older Victorian blocks will supply hot water and central heating from a central boiler. The management company charges a service charge for this which is variable. In many central London blocks the service charge could  be up to as much as GBP2,500 - 3000 per annum.

Once the property has been identified, an offer can be made for it. Depending on the market this may be at the full market price, the asking price of an estate agent, or it may be at a lesser price. If the price is accepted in principal, the matter will then be referred to solicitors for the conveyancing procedure to be conducted.

The solicitor will receive the contract, usually in standard form, from the seller`s solicitors and once this is received various steps have to be undertaken. For example, searches need to be done with the local authority and other authorities if development is proposed. For example, if you wish to extend the house or do other work to it, it is sensible to obtain details of where the drains and electricity cables are located. Searches are submitted to the Local Authority to ask questions as to whether the road is public, whether there are any major developments proposed  in the area, whether the property complies with all of the relevant planning and building regulations rules and so on. These searches can cost up to GBP200 or more.
In addition, your solicitors will either request, or be provided with, information about the property from the seller. This refers to boundaries, whether it is connected to the main services, whether there have been any disputes and other similar matters. These replies are confirmed by a solicitor and can be relied on for the purposes of future action if false replies were given and loss is suffered as a result. There will also be a list of fixtures and fittings included with the property or in some instances agreement may be reached with the seller to buy things separately i.e. washing machine, furniture etc.

It is sensible for a structural survey or a homebuyers report (a briefer type of survey) to be prepared. This will tell you whether there is anything obviously wrong with the property and what work needs to be done to get it into good condition. The price of such reports vary depending on the size of the property and for residential properties you are usually looking at a fee of between GBP 600 and 1,500. This type of report is a requirement from any bank to ensure that the price being paid for the property is not excessive. It is however recommended for cash buyers as it gives some comfort that there are no major defects.

If everything in respect of the property is satisfactory, all searches and inquiries have been completed  (and in the case of a lease this will include confirmation that service charges and ground rent are paid up to date), your solicitor will then move forward to the exchange of contracts. Upon exchange, the buyer usually pays 10% of the purchase price, occasionally lower figures (5%) can be agreed. The solicitors agree a time and date for exchange and the buyer`s solicitors will send the deposit money to the seller`s solicitor together with his signed copy of the contract and the seller`s solicitors will send his signed copy of the contract to the buyer`s solicitor. At this stage there is a legally binding contract in force.
On exchange of contracts a completion date will be included in the contract. The sale should complete on that date, otherwise there are financial penalties payable,  not the least of which is interest upon monies outstanding and the increase of  the deposit required  to 10% if less was paid. Upon exchange it is also usual for the buyer to insure the property, unless there will be a long delay between exchange and completion when it is often agreed that the buyer will be noted as an interested party on the sellers insurance policy. The insurance of course relates to the structure of the building and not the contents, for which separate insurance would eventually be needed.

In this period, further enquiries will be sent out by the buyers’ solicitors together with a draft transfer document, it is this transfer document (TR1) that provides evidence of the transfer of the property and it is this that is sent to the Land Registry for the ownership recorded therein to be changed. Completion occurs when the executed TR1 and other relevant documentation are sent by the sellers’ solicitor having received the completion monies by telegraphic transfer from the buyers’ solicitor. This is sent between solicitors client accounts. The Client Account is an account where client`s money is held. If there is a mortgage on the property, the seller`s solicitor will give an undertaking that the mortgage will be discharged. Once the mortgage is discharged the bank will issue a form DS1 as evidence of the discharge.

All titles are registered at HM Land Registry. The stamp duty of between 1 - 4% needs to be paid on the TR1 to the Inland Revenue and the document is then stamped to show tax has been paid. It is this stamped document that is sent together with other supporting documentation to the Land Registry for registration. Between GBP125,001-250,000 1% stamp duty is payable, between GBP250,000 - 500,000 3% stamp duty is payable and over GBP500,000 4% stamp duty is payable.

Following the property market crash and the end of the stamp duty holiday on 1st January 2010, the government announced further Stamp Duty Land Tax holiday for fist-time buyers. From 25th March 2010, all qualifying first-time buyers of resedential property with value of upto £ 250.000 will be exempt from the stamp duty. The good news for the first-time buyers followed by the bad news for the rich again. From April 2011 this new budget sets the new rates for property of over £1.000.000 – the rate will be increased from 4% to 5%.

This is paid on the purchase price and not on the price of any contents purchased separately. There will be a further fee of between GBP60 - 500 for registration of the transfer at the Land Registry. Again this depends on the value of the property.

Should further information be required please call our office in London +44 (0) 207 907 1460 or email us and we would be happy to assist. We carry out the conveyancing procedure and help with the mortgage.